The first Tallinn Paper looks into numerous countries to record some of the most famous examples of international cyber attack and cyber conflict to date, and attempts to place them within a broader geopolitical context. The paper has two principal aims: to remind the reader that traditional international conflicts have, as a rule, now drifted into cyberspace; and to help set the stage for followon papers in this research series by the NATO Cooperative Cyber Defence Centre of Excellence (NATO CCD COE), which will examine the challenge of securing cyberspace from many new angles in the future.