Information and communications technologies (ICTs) are not  anymore a new phenomenon, they are part of day-to-day life. Legal discussion over...

This publication is part of a series of National Cybersecurity Governance Series offering a comprehensive overview of national cybersecurity governance...

On the 7th and 8th of May 2024, the War Studies Research Centre of the Netherlands Defence Academy and the...

The 14th Tallinn Paper, authored by George Christou, provides an overview of how cyber diplomacy has evolved, its definition, how...

Over 200 abstracts were submitted in the call for papers for CyCon 2023, the highest number in CyCon’s history. The...

CyCon 2024 "Over the Horizon" received over 200 abstracts relating to novel research and innovation in law, technology, operations, strategy,...

  The UN’s Open-Ended Working Group (OEWG) had its Fourth and Fifth Substantive Sessions in 2023, which included intense discussions...

Autonomous cyber capabilities – that is, cyber capabilities able to operate without real-time human intervention – are currently being researched...

Policies in response to and trends in the Russia-Ukraine armed conflict portend a post-armed conflict strategic environment that will pose...

This study explores the regulatory frameworks governing the functioning of national CERT/CSIRT capabilities across NATO countries. Special focus has been...

In October 2022, the NATO Cooperative Cyber Defence Centre of Excellence (CCDCOE) contributed to a global undergraduate student competition on...

Parallel to the cyber front of Russia’s illegal war of aggression in Ukraine, conflict brews within the discussions on the...

Discussing the stability of cyberspace to ensure a stable and peaceful cyberspace is an important but leaves open the question...

With the prevalence of information and communications technology, industrial control systems used by critical infrastructures are increasingly exposed to cyberattacks....

Supply chain attacks are among the most significant security concerns to nations. There are a variety of options to mitigate...

This article summarizes thinking, plans, and activities of the People’s Republic of China in leveraging 5G networks for military purposes,...

How do we effectively “train as we fight” in cyberspace? How can NATO best adapt to changes in the cyber...

Autonomous transportation will profoundly change maritime traffic. Human-crewed and autonomous vessels or ships will have to share the oceans, seas,...

Cyber threat intelligence assists organisations in understanding the threats they face and helps them make educated decisions on preparing their...

Research Report Military Movement: Risks from 5G Networks   In 2020, the United States and Estonia assigned the NATO Cooperative...

After two virtual editions, CyCon 2022 came back as an in-person conference, from 31 May to 3 June 2022. By...

Contemporary warfare yields a profound impact on the rights to privacy and data protection. Technological advances in the fields of...

How can NATO enhance cyberspace situational awareness and readiness in order to combat disinformation online, in particular on social media,...

Artificial intelligence (AI) has existed for a long time in a way that seems to affect every aspect of our...

The information environment and cyberspace have created a completely different security environment than the one we are used to. With...

Hacktivist initiatives in supprt of Ukraine have been met with both praise and reprimand. As much as they are clever...

In order to take countermeasures properly under customary international law, states must attribute the triggering internationally wrongful act to the...

NATO Cooperative Cyber Defence Centre of Excellence (CCDCOE) is proud to publish a second volume on Horizon Scanning and Analysis,...

In reporting on the unfolding events in Ukraine, media and social platforms have repeatedly discussed as novel the possibility of...

The 2nd, revised Guide to Developing a National Cybersecurity Strategy, published in November 2021, results from a unique multistakeholder collaboration...

2021 was an exciting year from a cybersecurity and cyber defence perspective. After dealing with the Solarwinds breach at the...

On 17 November, the Council of Europe, an international human rights body, adopted the second Additional Protocol to the Budapest Convention to...

The report “Artificial Intelligence and Autonomy in the Military: An Overview of NATO Member States’ Strategies and Deployment” and associated...

This paper describes a situation awareness framework, Frankenstack, that is the result of a multi-faceted endeavor to enhance the expertise...

The 13th instalment in the series designed for military and national security decision makers focuses on the analysis of usage...

Security accreditation is an important part of the measures taken by states and international organisations to ensure adequate cyber security...

Foreword UN General Assembly Resolution 74/247 (27 December 2019), established an open-ended ad hoc intergovernmental committee of experts and representative...

NATO needs to keep itself thoroughly informed about the opportunities 5G technologies provide for improving Euro-Atlantic deterrence and defence, as...

Amidst a general sense of unrest characteristic of the last two years, EU legislators have made praiseworthy progress towards an...

The 12th instalment in the series designed for military and national security decision makers focuses on a global ransomware attack...

This publication is part of a series of National Cybersecurity Governance Series offering a comprehensive overview of national cybersecurity governance...

This publication is part of a series of National Cybersecurity Governance Series offering a comprehensive overview of national cybersecurity governance...

Generative adversarial networks (GAN) are a hot topic in cyber intelligence, as they begin to demonstrate abilities that will assist...

The 12th Tallinn Paper (Young Scholar Edition), authored by Garrett Derian-Toth, Ryan Walsh, Alexandra Sergueeva, Edward Kim, Alivia Coon, Hilda...

As it did in 2017, the European Commission gave EU member states an early Christmas present on 16 December 2020...

The 11th instalment in the series designed for military and national security decision makers focuses on ransomware including the cases...

The 11th Tallinn Paper, authored by Elaine Korzak, presents and examines the activities and views of Russia in the United Nations...

This paper by Arturs Lavrenovs from NATO CCDCOE was presented at the 16th International Conference on Cyber Warfare and Security...

Paper on biometric data processing by the German armed forces (Bundeswehr) during deployment is authored by CCDCDOE Law Researcher Sebastian...

NATO Cooperative Cyber Defence Centre of Excellence (CCDCOE) launched at the Workshop Day of CyCon 2021 a new volume of...

The proceedings of the 13th International Conference on Cyber Conflict, organised in 2021 as a virtual event, gather 20 articles...

NATO Cooperative Cyber Defence Centre of Excellence (CCDCOE) has published a food for thought paper on cyber considerations for military...

The 10th instalment in the series designed for military and national security decision makers looks at various ways a supply...

In September 2020 the CCDCOE Law Researcher Dr. Keiko KONO presented a case study at the 1st MARSEC annual conference....

The country report on national cybersecurity organisation in Luxembourg is part of the National Cybersecurity Governance Series published by the...

In 2014, the CJEU’s judgement in Digital Rights Ireland revoked the Data Retention Directive, following which in the joined cases...

Final substantial session of the OEWG The final substantive session of the United Nations Open-Ended Working Group (OEWG) on developments...

The 9th instalment in the series designed for military and national security decision makers looks at the potential damage of...

This paper by NATO CCDCOE Researchers Lukas Bortnik and  Artūrs Lavrenovs was presented at the 11th EAI International Conference on...

This is the eighth instalment of a series of reports by CCDCOE identifying potential implications of cyber events to armed...

The country report on national cybersecurity organisation in Germany is part of the National Cybersecurity Governance Series published by the...

NATO Cooperative Cyber Defence Centre of Excellence (CCDCOE) in cooperation with King’s College London and William & Mary, has published...

This paper by NATO CCDCOE Researchers Artūrs Lavrenovs, Kimmo Heinäaro and Erwin Orye was accepted and presented in "19th European...

This is the seventh instalment of a series of reports by CCDCOE identifying potential implications of cyber events to armed...

The country report on national cybersecurity organisation in Romania is part of the National Cybersecurity Governance Series published by the...

CCDCOE Non-Resident Visiting Scholar Josh Gold investigates the narrative which promotes transparency toward state offensive cyber capabilities – OCCs. The...

CCDCOE Technology Branch researchers Markus Kont and Mauno Pihelgas present a novel real-time pattern matching engine that functions as an...

This is the sixth instalment of a series of reports by CCDCOE identifying potential implications of cyber events to armed...

This paper by CCDCOE Researchers Erwin Orye and Gunnar Faith-Ell focuses on how governmental organisations manage their required level of...

On 30 July 2020, for the first time, the Council of the European Union unanimously imposed restrictive measures against six...

This is the fifth instalment of a series of reports by CCDCOE identifying potential implications of cyber events to armed...

The collaborative paper from the staff officers of the CCDCOE (Tallinn, Estonia) and C2COE (Utrecht, Netherlands) focuses on most effective...

During the last two decades, cyber attacks against end users have grown significantly both in terms of number and sophistication....

Malware is a growing threat which causes considerable cost to individuals, companies and institutions. Since basic signature-based antivirus defences are...

This is the fourth instalment of a series of reports by CCDCOE identifying potential implications of cyber events to armed...

On 2 March 2020, the President of the UN Security Council circulated a Final Report of the Panel of Experts...

On 22 May, Estonia, with Belgium, the Dominican Republic, Kenya and Indonesia, brought (virtually) together fourteen United Nations Security Council...

This is the third instalment of a series of reports by CCDCOE identifying potential implications of cyber events to armed...

This is a second instalment of a series of reports by CCDCOE identifying potential implications of cyber events to armed...

The 12th annual International Conference on Cyber Conflict (CyCon) was cancelled due to the spread of SARS-CoV-2 and public health...

Article 36 of Protocol I Additional to the 1949 Geneva Conventions requires states to conduct a legal review of all...

This is a series of reports by CCDCOE identifying potential implications of cyber events to armed forces. The monthly report...

In the contemporary interpretation of deterrence theory, maintaining high-level resilience against cyber attacks is one of two pillars of cyber...

The country report on national cyber security organisation in Italy is part of the National Cyber Security Governance Series published...

General The second substantive sessions of the first United Nations Open-Ended Working Group[1] (OEWG) and the Group of Governmental Experts[2]...

Cyber defence exercises are instrumental for enhancing capabilities and expertise in the cyber domain. Cyberspace as an operational domain is...

The country report on national cyber security organization in Czechia is part of the National Cyber Security Governance Series published...

This paper is a collaborative view of the NATO CCDCOE Strategy and Law Branch researchers highlighting the strategic importance of...

On 17 May 2019, the Council of the European Union adopted Council Decision (CFSP) 2019/797 and Council Regulation (EU) 2019/796...

In 2018, Norwegian military and allied officials confirmed that Russia had disrupted NATO’s Trident Juncture exercise in Europe’s High North region...

 The High-Level Panel on Digital Cooperation Publishes its Final Report: the 18th SDG In July 2018, the Secretary General appointed...

The application of international law to cyber operations and to the use of autonomous military technology continues to be the...

The 11th annual International Conference on Cyber Conflict (CyCon) took place in Tallinn from 28 to 31 May 2019. The...

Cyberspace is expanding very fast. Naturally, there is a direct correlation between the increasing speed of cyber and the associated...

This paper by CCDCOE legal experts focuses on legal developments and trends in the domain of international law for cyberspace....

Concerns about the Chinese technology giant Huawei as the potential supplier of 5G technology for next generation wireless networks have generated lively...

National cyber security strategies serve as useful tool to identify a state's general position in regards to the rules and...

The country report on national cybersecurity organisation in Turkey is part of the National Cybersecurity Governance Series published by the...

System logs provide valuable information about the health status of IT systems and computer networks. Therefore, log file monitoring has...

Already nowadays complex massively interconnected systems, isolated defense vehicles, infrastructure and other systems demand extremely low failure rates. In case...

Since 2016 NATO CCDCOE participated in the development of a reference guide aimed at supporting national efforts of developing cyber...

The aim of this paper is to have a set of real-case practices which have practical value in building a...

Authors, among them CCDCOE Technology Branch Researcher Mauno Pihelgas, present a new situation awareness visualisation tool, the Events Visualisation Environment...

As his point of departure Prof David Wallace takes the uniqueness of the environment in which cyber weapons are conceived,...

CyCon X, the tenth iteration of the annual International Conference on Cyber Conflict, organised by the NATO Cooperative Cyber Defence...

International collaboration is a strategic goal almost unequivocally valued and pursued by all nations in their national cyber security strategies(NCSS)....

Despite a growing amount of scholarly and policy attention to cyber threats, little progress seems to have been made in...

The 10th Tallinn Paper authored by Katrin Nyman Metcalf offers a legal view on outer space and cyberspace: similarities and...

In July 2016 at the Warsaw summit, NATO recognised a new domain of operations: cyberspace. The main goal of this...

Fuzzing is a critical part of secure software development life-cycle, for finding vulnerabilities, developing exploits, and reverse engineering. This relies...

Cyber Defense Exercises have received much attention in recent years, and are increasingly becoming the cornerstone for ensuring readiness in...

The Czech authorities made the first steps towards a safer cyberspace on the national level a couple of years ago,...

Masaryk University Journal of Law and Technology Vol 11, No 1 (2017) has published an analysis co-authored by NATO CCDCOE Law...

Report by the NATO Cooperative Cyber Defence Centre of Excellence provides a comprehensive overview of the current cyber security landscape...

The 9th International Conference on Cyber Conflict (CyCon 2017), organised by the NATO Cooperative Cyber Defence Centre of Excellence (NATO...

A new analysis by NATO Cooperative Cyber Defence Centre of Excellence provides a comprehensive overview of cyber security structures and...

“Ethics and Policies for Cyber Operation. A NATO Cooperative Cyber Defence Centre of Excellence Initiative” is a valuable tool for...

Today, event logging is a widely accepted concept with a number of event formatting standards and event collection protocols. Event...

The Internet Protocol Version 6 (IPv6) transition opens a wide scope for potential attack vectors. Tunnel-based IPv6 transition mechanisms could...

This comprehensive overview of Chinese cyber strategy places the country’s cyber-relevant developments in the context of governance. China continues the...

This publication about the national cyber security organisational setup in Spain is part of a series which assembles a comprehensive...

The aim of this study is to find mitigation techniques for a number of risks resulting from the usage of...

Troops in contact in the battlefield are very likely to be exposed to the enemy’s digital information. Digital media collection by...

Is NATO Ready to Cross the Rubicon on Cyber Defence? by Matthijs Veenendaal, Kadri Kaska and Pascal Brangetto looks at NATO...

The 8th International Conference on Cyber Conflict focused on the theme of Cyber Power. CyCon 2016 asked how the traditional...

This publication about the national cyber security organisational setup in the United States of America is part of a series...

Recent cyber security related discussions in international forums indicate ‘cyber norms’ or cyber ‘norms of behaviour’ as the most suitable...

This publication about the national cyber security organisational setup in the Czech Republic is part of a series which assembles...

Masaryk University Journal of Law and Technology Vol 9, No 1 (2015) published a research paper by NATO CCDCOE Law Branch...

Every organisation and government need to know how much is necessary to invest in cybersecurity and how much is enough....

The use of anti-forensic techniques in and on IT systems is common practice for advanced and persistent actors, particularly in...

This study focuses on the threat to information security posed by insiders (i.e., insider threat) as the recent cases of...

The conflict in Ukraine appears to have all the ingredients for cyber war. Moscow and Kyiv are playing for the highest...

This publication about the national cyber security organisational setup in Hungary is part of a series which assembles a comprehensive...

This publication about the national cyber security organisational setup in Lithuania is part of a series which assembles a comprehensive...

CyCon 2015 – themed ‘Architectures in Cyberspace’ – focused on the construction of the internet and its potential future development....

Preventing, responding to and investigating cyber incidents relies on time-critical access to relevant data which might be located in countries...

In this Tallinn Paper, the Centre’s Senior Fellow professor Wolff Heintschel von Heinegg responds to an article by Andrey Krutskikh, senior official...

This report on mitigating risks arising from false-flag and no-flag cyber attacks handles issues related to establishing proper attribution following...

This publication about the national cyber security organisational setup in Slovakia is part of a series which assembles a comprehensive...

This publication about the national cyber security organisational setup in Italy is part of a series which assembles a comprehensive...

This publication about the national cyber security organisational setup in France is part of a series which assembles a comprehensive...

In this new Tallinn Paper, Dr. James A. Lewis, an internationally recognised expert and a frequent commentator on cyber security matters,...

One of the least explored areas of cyber vulnerabilities concerns cross-border dependencies of critical information infrastructure. The provision of vital...

This publication about the national cyber security organisational setup in the United Kingdom is part of a series which assembles...

This publication about the national cyber security organisational setup in the Netherlands is part of a series which assembles a...

This publication about the national cyber security organisational setup in Estonia is part of a series which assembles a comprehensive...

The report on “Workshop on Ethics and Policies for Cyber Warfare” held in close cooperation with University of Oxford and...

Cybersecurity is about managing risks and to ascertain that, to a certain extent, proper procedures and adequate security measures are...

In this paper an overview of the Tor anonymisation network is presented from the technical perspective and also several legal...

Smartphones are an inevitable presence in everyday life. High-level officials and decision-makers use mobile devices to handle and store sensitive...

Cyber activities have become an indelible facet of contemporary warfare, not just for cyber-empowered militaries but also for low-tech forces....

Dr Mariarosaria Taddeo's talk 'Information Warfare: The Ontological and Regulatory Gap' at the Workshop on Ethics and Policies for Cyber Warfare....

Dr Sana Saleh's talk 'The Critical Need for International Consensus on "Cyber Weapons"' at the Workshop on Ethics and Policies for...

Dr Jassim Happa's talk 'Towards a Model Facilitating Discussions about Cyber Attacks and Defences' at the Workshop on Ethics and Policies...

Prof Neil C. Rowe's talk 'Perfidy in Cyberwarfare' at the Workshop on Ethics and Policies for Cyber Warfare. The workshop was...

Dr Patrick Taylor's talk 'Cyberattacks as Casus Belli: A Sovereignty Based Account' at the Workshop on Ethics and Policies for Cyber...

Dr Marco Roscini's talk 'How to Apply the Principle of Porportionality to Cyber Targeting' at the Workshop on Ethics and Policies...

Prof Paul Cornish's talk 'Deterrence as the Basis for Ethical Constraints on Conflict in the Cyber Domain' at the Workshop on...

Prof Pompeu Casanovas's talk 'Open Source Intelligence, Open Social Intelligence and Privacy by Design. A meta-level Rule of Law?' at the...

Critical information infrastructure (CII) provides vital functions for a nation’s existence and the wellbeing of its citizens. This makes CII...

Locked Shields is a real-time network defence exercise which in 2014 involved close to 300 participants from 17 nations. Running...

This article explores, from a legal perspective, the possibility of states taking responsive measures that enhance their cyber defence capabilities....

In this new Tallinn Paper, Jeffrey Carr, an internationally recognised author and speaker on cyber conflict, the founder of the...

This article explores the nature, formation and evolution of international legal norms pertaining to cyber activities. At present, this category...

During recent years, establishing proper metrics for measuring system security has received increasing attention. Security logs contain vast amounts of...

In this Tallinn Paper, Liina Areng, a Centre Ambassador and the Head of International Relations at the Estonian Information System Authority, discusses the...

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The most effective and cost-efficient route to cyber security is the development of secure code. The fewer the vulnerabilities in...

This Tallinn Paper concentrates on the political principles related to cyber defence of NATO in the context of the Summit in 2014....

The first Tallinn Paper looks into numerous countries to record some of the most famous examples of international cyber attack and...

The article examines the use of non-State actors by States to conduct cyber operations against other States. In doing so,...

Internet Protocol version 6 (IPv6) is the next version of Internet Protocol which is currently in the transition phase from...

The publication covers in a multi-disciplinary approach the technical, legal, policy and diplomacy aspects of State activities in cyberspace during...

This publication is a compilation of articles and research presented at the Workshop on Ethics of Cyber Conflict’, held at the Centre for High...

Ten Blue Teams, consisting of up to 10 experts in IT and 1-2 legal advisors, were the main training audience....

The Cyber Defence Unit of the Estonian Defence League, or the ‘Estonian Cyber Defence League’ as it is widely referred...

This paper focuses on open-source solutions for log management and discusses recent developments in this field, covering novel technologies and...

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During the last decade, network monitoring and intrusion detection have become essential techniques of cyber security. Nowadays, many institutions are...

The NATO CCD COE National Cyber Security Strategy Guidelines were developed in 2013 as a tool to assist policy planners...

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Dr Massimo Durante's (University of Turin) talk 'Violence, Just War and the Twofold Dimension of Cyber War. An Informational Approach'...

Dr Mariarosaria Taddeo's (University of Warwick and University of Oxford) talk 'Cyber Warfare, an Ethical Analysis to Adress the Policy...

Prof. Selmer Bringsjord's (Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute) talk 'By Disanalogy, Cyberwarfare is Utterly New' at the Workshop on Ethics of Cyber...

Dr Edward Barrett's (United States Naval Academy) talk on 'Reliable Old Wineskins: The Applicability of the Just War Tradition to...

Prof. Luciano Floridi's (Philosophy and Ethics of Information, Oxford Internet Institute, University of Oxford) talk on The Ethics of Cyber-conflicts...

Prof. Sandra Braman's (University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee) talk 'Cybersecurity Ethics at the Boundaries: Systems Maintenance and the Tallinn Manual' at the...

Prof. Giovanni Sartor's (University of Bologna and European University Institute of Florence) talk on 'Legal Issues of Autonomous Weapons' at...

Prof. Randall Dipert's (University of Buffalo) talk on 'Emerging Ethical and Legal Considerations in Cyberwarfare and Cyberespionage' at the Workshop...

Dr Bill Boothby's (Geneva Centre for Security Policy) presentation at the Workshop on Ethics of Cyber Conflict. The workshop was organised...

The study looks into application-level attacks. An application-layer attack targets computers by deliberately causing a fault in a computer’s operating system or...

Nine Blue Teams (defenders) representing small telecommunications companies had to defend a pre-built network against hostile attacks conducted by 40...

Legally assessing the implications of the creation, installation and control of the Stuxnet worm is especially challenging because of the lack...

The paper focuses on Simple Event Correlator (SEC) – a lightweight event correlator written by one of the authors which...

Throughout history, mankind has developed and employed novel weapon systems and equally novel countermeasures. Naturally, both offensive and defensive systems...

Information security specialists have developed various techniques and methods to reduce the threat that botnets pose to the security of...

While the present paper will give a short synopsis of the known facts about the spread and characteristics of Conficker,...

At some time in every developing technology, a new outcome will mark an important step and will be remembered as...

Cyber security has evolved from a technical discipline to a strategic, geopolitical concept. The question for national security thinkers today...

Botnets have been recognised as a possible threat to national security, and over recent years national cyber security thinkers have...

CyCon 2013 conference concentrates on technical, strategic and legal implications of using automatic methods in cyber conflicts. The three-day conference,...

What, exactly, is “National Cyber Security”?  The rise of cyberspace as a field of human endeavour is probably nothing less...

In modern computer networks and IT systems, event logging is commonly used for collecting system health information, in order to...

Politically and ideologically motivated cyber attacks on critical infrastructure have been a wake-up call for security experts and have shown...

The borderless and increasingly sophisticated nature of cyber crime calls for effective and timely responses from numerous stakeholders worldwide –...

Volunteer based non-state actors have played an important part in many international cyber conflicts of the past two decades. In...

In this paper the authors introduce hierarchical service models suitable for large service parks. They describe a method for handling...

Situation management requires means for describing various things, both situation states and developments. For this reason the authors turn to...

A very important issue in IT Security or Cyber Security management is to provide cost-efficient security measures to achieve needed...

Cyberspace is a new warfare domain. Computers and the information they contain are prizes to be won during any military...

Computers and computer networks have provided a new delivery mechanism that can increase the speed, diffusion and significance of national...

At the time of the state-wide cyber attacks in 2007, Estonia was one of the most developed nations in Europe...

Botnets have been a recognized threat to computer security for years. On the timeline of malware development, they can be...

The Graded Security Model (GSM) addresses the IT Security cost optimization, problem by trying to find an answer to the...

Book details: Author: Kenneth Geers Publisher: NATO CCD COE Publications, 2011 Language: English ISBN 978-9949-9040-5-1 (print) ISBN 978-9949-9040-6-8 (epub) ISBN...

The NATO Cooperative Cyber Defence Centre of Excellence will hold its annual international cyber defence conference with 300 participants from...

In this study, the authors give an overview about current trends in botnet development and defense. They start off by...

The article studies the role of fundamental concepts and principles from the viewpoint of the reliability of applied intelligent systems....

There are essentially two types of arms control: structural, which limits things such as missiles and tanks, and operational, which...

The aim of the exercise was to increase the understanding of the international cyber environment and to enhance international cooperation...

Network IDS is a well-known security measure for network monitoring and protection. Unfortunately, IDSs are known to generate large amounts...

The authors discuss possible solutions for illegal gateway detection in protected networks. They describe several techniques for addressing this problem, and...

The number of attacks against computer systems is steadily increasing. Network administration personnel often have a wide variety of response...

To investigate and prosecute the 2007 cyber attacks against its governmental and critical private information infrastructure, Estonia requested legal cooperation...

This paper examines developments in the legal and policy framework for international cyber security. It elaborates on major international organizations’...

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Numerous attempts to define cyber terrorism have not resulted in a commonly accepted interpretation. Cyber terrorism is frequently discussed in...

The conference agenda consisted of 29 presentations from 13 countries, given by some of the best and brightest minds in...

There is a developing trend of “popular” cyber campaigns that mirror political, economic or military conflicts in cyberspace. The Estonian...

The term “cyber” has been used to describe almost anything that has to do with networks and computers, especially in...

The ability to use logical deduction is important for various intelligent systems. Specifically, the ability to apply logic inference rules...

In this paper, the authors discuss the use of digital circuits in decision support systems. For this, it is first...

In May 2010, the Cooperative Cyber Defence Centre of Excellence and the Swedish National Defence College hosted the Baltic Cyber...

World leaders are beginning to look beyond temporary fixes to the challenge of securing the Internet. One possible solution may...

National security planners have begun to look beyond reactive, tactical cyber defense to proactive, strategic cyber defense, which may include...

Twenty-five years after War Games, cyber attacks remain somewhat of a mystery. Specifically, is computer hacking a threat to national...

The publication includes the proceedings of the first interdisciplinary conference organised by the Centre where the topic of cyber conflict...

Table of Contents: ESTONIA 2007 RADIO FREE EUROPE/RADIO LIBERTY 2008 LITHUANIA 2008 GEORGIA 2008 CONCLUSIONS. GENERAL OBSERVATIONS FROM CYBER CONFLICTS...

Abstract: During the last decade, intrusion detection systems (IDSs) have become a widely used measure for security management. However, these...

This paper uses an abstract form of knowledge representation and introduces knowledge lattices. A formal concept of knowledge system is...

The conference was aimed at promoting closer collaboration among the international community of leaders and experts in government, private sector,...

Cyber incidents may range anywhere from simple deviations from internal security regulations to criminal acts, acts of cyber terrorism, and...

In this paper the possibilities of cyber warfare activities connected to cell phone networks are. We analyze known attacks that...

Recent events in Estonia and Georgia have elevated the threat of cyber attacks to the international consciousness. While this has...

Emergence of cyber societies places new emphasis on the protection of information and information services. The paper provides a definition...

A method is described that takes into account the investments done in the security and/or achieved security confidence in planning...

A method for modeling graded security is presented and its application in the form of a hybrid expert system is...

Adversary threats to critical infrastructures have always existed during times of conflict, but threat scenarios now include peacetime attacks from...

Information security is a growing priority for organizations, many of which are struggling to decide the appropriate amounts of investments...

With the growth of communication networks, event logs are increasing in size at a fast rate. Today, it is not...

Following the relocation of a Soviet-era statue in Tallinn in April of 2007, Estonia fell under a politically motivated cyber...

Aggressive cyber warfare strategies and tactics offer many advantages to their prospective employers, and current events demonstrate that cyber conflict...